Contribution of the foetal uro-MRI in the prenatal diagnosis of uronephropathies

PurposeTo study the complementary diagnostic value and role in the perinatal management of foetal MRI in the prenatal diagnosis of abnormalities of the urinary tract.Patients and methodsRetrospective monocentric study from November 2002 to June 2011 of foetuses benefiting from an MRI after ultrasound diagnosis of uronephropathy abnormalities. Ultrasound and MRI data were compared with postnatal radiological and/or surgical data or with the foetopathology. The MRI analysis focused on the diagnostic concordance with the ultrasound, the complementary diagnostic contribution and/or a change in perinatal care.ResultsOf the 154 MRI examined, a follow-up was obtained for 108 cases. The indications for MRI were classified into six groups: suspected renal agenesis (n = 20, 18.5%), posterior urethral valve (n = 20, 18.5%), reflux or megaureter (n = 14, 13%), uretropelvic junction syndrome (n = 24, 22.5%), enlarged kidneys (n = 7, 6.5%) and others (n = 23, 21%). The information supplied by ultrasound was confirmed by MRI in 72 patients (67%). MRI provided additional data for 36 patients (33%) and changed the perinatal care for 16 patients (15%).ConclusionFoetal uro-MRI is a useful complementary tool in the prenatal diagnosis of some uropathy abnormalities.     

肾结核的超声误漏诊分析

目的　探讨超声对肾结核的误诊和漏诊的原因。方法　对 4 8例肾结核患者的超声诊断结果与其病理结果进行对照分析。结果　 1由于仪器分辨能力、大夫临床经验及患者体形因素等原因 ,超声对稀薄的干酪样物质 ,脓液及单纯积水的鉴别诊断较为困难 2肾结核干酪样坏死较稀薄者可表现为无回声 ,酷似肾积水或肾囊性病变 ;较浓稠者表现为低回声 ;而年久失水浓稠者表现为强回声类似肾结石。这使得肾结核的超声诊断困难 ,这是超声误诊漏诊的主要原因。结论　超声对于肾结核 ,须综合分析病程 ,结合其它检查方式 ,方能作出确切诊断。     

Diagnosis and follow-up study of carotid cavernous fistulas with color Doppler ultrasonography: analysis of 33 cases.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to observe image characteristics and hemodynamic changes of carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas (CCFs) and to evaluate the efficacy of interventional treatment for CCFs by color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS). METHODS: Thirty-three patients with suspected CCFs were studied with CDUS. Forty-six volunteers took part in this study as controls. Scanning was performed through temporal, orbital, and occipital windows to measure the blood flow parameters of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and related vessels. All results were confirmed by cerebral angiography. Nineteen patients were followed after interventional treatment. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients (97%) were found to have CCFs by CDUS. Irregular mosaic flashes were observed in the cavernous sinus region, the cross-section areas of which were significantly larger than those of the normal intracranial ICA (1.7-5.2 versus 0.2-0.5 cm(2); P < .01). A lower resistive index of the ICA in the affected side was revealed with spectral analysis of relevant vessels. The peak velocity of vessels distal to the fistula was significantly lower than that of the healthy side and control group (P < .05). Superior ophthalmic veins had a reversed arterialized flow pattern with a mean velocity of 34.5 cm/s and an average resistive index +/- SD of 0.31 +/- 0.08. In follow-up study, the mosaic flashes and turbulence flow disappeared in 14 patients and remained in 5 after the interventional operation. CONCLUSIONS: Combined with the direct sign of an irregular mosaic flash in the cavernous sinus region, hemodynamic changes in relevant branch vessels, and a reversed arterialized flow pattern in superior ophthalmic veins, CDUS has great value in confirming diagnosis and follow-up study of CCFs.     

彩色多普勒超声在附睾结核治疗中的应用价值

目的探讨附睾结核的彩色多普勒超声分型及其在治疗中的价值。方法对33例附睾结核患者的彩色多普勒超声表现及手术所见进行对比分析。结果对33例附睾结核患者超声正确诊断29例，诊断符合率为87．9％。3例附睾呈弥漫性病变，血供丰富；13例附睾内见结节病灶，其中3例结节内有液性无回声区，3例内有点状高回声区，7例呈低回声；17例阴囊内多发病灶，其中11例附睾表现为弥漫肿大、回声不均、血供增多。附睾结核依发生部位可将超声表现分为弥漫型、结节型、复杂型，其中结节型依回声及病理表现又分为脓性结节、钙化结节和干酪结节。结论弥漫型附睾结核容易累及睾丸，应早期手术；脓性结节以手术治疗为主；钙化结节无需手术；干酪结节先药物治疗，如效果不佳应手术治疗；复杂型必须手术治疗。超声首诊怀疑附睾结核时，系统扫查泌尿系有助于发现无症状的泌尿系结核。     

彩超对肺实性占位性病变的应用价值

目的:通过对肺周及肺内实性病灶的彩色信号和多普勒频谱分析,比较良恶性病变的不同表现,探讨彩超在鉴别肺实性病变良恶性方面的价值和方法。资料和方法:1997年3月～2000年12月,经X线或CT定位,B超及彩超共观察肺实性病变107例,其中彩超观察满意的101例为本文研究对象,包括良性38例,恶性63例。有95例经病理证实,包括手术病理17例,穿刺病理68例,支气管镜检8例,痰检2例;另6例炎性病变抗炎治疗后CT证实病灶消失。结果:良性和恶性病变的血流检出率分别为82%和59%,有显著性差异。良性病变动脉峰值流速39.4±28.0cm?s,阻力指数0.71±0.32;恶性病变分别为20.5±20.0cm?s,0.36±0.31。结论:彩超能很好显示肺实性病变内血流状况,对鉴别良恶性病变有重要的参考价值。     

高频彩超在白内障人工晶体移植中的应用研究

本文对３０例白内障患者人工晶体移植术前进行彩超检查，测量眼轴长度。推算屈光度，为选择合适的人工晶体提供了可靠依据，术后视力恢复〉０．５者占７７％，另３０例未经检测者作为对照组，均用标准人工晶体进行移植，术后视力恢复〉０．５者仅占３３％，两组比较有显著性差异，结果表明，高频彩超的应用有助于提高人工晶体移植的疗效。     

深在性囊性胃炎6例诊治分析

目的分析深在性囊性胃炎临床表现、CT、胃镜、超声内镜检查,以及治疗方式,提高对该病的认识。方法回顾分析6例深在性囊性胃炎的临床表现、CT、胃镜、超声内镜及病理资料。结果 6例患者中CT提示3例为胃癌,3例考虑胃部肿块。胃镜均提示隆起病变。超声内镜均诊断为深在性囊性胃炎。6例患者均行内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD),病理均符合深在性囊性胃炎。结论超声内镜结合内镜黏膜切除术(EMR)或ESD可以提高诊断率,对于不伴随恶性肿瘤的深在性囊性胃炎,可行ESD治疗。     

Ultrasound follow-up of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) during conservative therapy: ultrasound findings as criteria for diagnosis and cure

Purpose  During conservative therapy of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) with atropine sulfate, there are many patients who do not achieve normal values of pyloric wall thickness and canal length even though they are clinically cured (vomiting has ceased); an objective criterion for cure has not yet been established. The aim of this study was to examine whether the appearance of pyloric wall stratification can be used as a criterion for cure. Methods  Twenty infants with IHPS who were treated conservatively were enrolled. Two of them ultimately required surgery. Ultrasound examinations were done serially and the pyloric wall thickness and canal length were measured. The echogenicity of the pyloric wall and the presence of wall stratification were noted. Results  On admission, all infants satisfied the ultrasound criteria for IHPS and had a heterogeneous pyloric wall without stratification. With conservative therapy, symptoms disappeared, the pyloric wall thickness and the canal length gradually decreased, the echogenicity gradually became homogeneous and hypoechoic, and wall stratification appeared (in most cases before the pyloric wall thickness and the canal length had normalized). The absence of wall stratification suggests that cellular interstitial changes, such as edema or inflammation, are present in the pyloric wall in the acute stage. Conclusion  Pyloric wall stratification was absent during the acute stage, but it appeared after initiation of treatment but before the pyloric wall thickness and the canal length had normalized. The presence of pyloric wall stratification can be used as a criterion for cure; the absence of wall stratification can be added to ultrasound diagnostic criteria for IHPS.     

Metastasis of primitive neuroectodermal tumor to the breast

We performed mammography and sonography on a 49-year-old woman who had a mass in her left axilla that had been present for 1 month and who had undergone excision of a primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) on her back 1 year before. Mammography revealed 2 adjacent, dense nodules in the left breast and enlarged lymph nodes, without a fatty hilum or internal microcalcifications, in the left axilla. Sonography showed 2 round to oval, markedly hypoechoic nodules in the left breast and enlarged, markedly hypoechoic lymph nodes, without microcalcifications, in the left axilla. We then performed sonographically guided core biopsy. Histopathologic analysis of the specimens confirmed the presence of PNET in the left breast and axillary lymph nodes. The patient was then treated with chemotherapy. To our knowledge, this report is the first to describe radiologic findings of metastasis of PNET to the breast.